Hypodermic Needle Theory/Bandura
The hypodermic needle theory model suggests that the information from a text passes into the mass consciousness of the audience unmediated, i.e. the experience, intelligence, and opinion of an individual are not relevant to the reception of the text.
This theory suggests that we are manipulated by the creators of media texts, and that our behaviour and thinking might be easily changed by media makers. It assumes that the audience are passive. This theory is used to explain why certain groups in society should not be exposed to certain media texts (e.g. children to violent films - Jamie Bulger Case).
Bandura - The media can influence people directly.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
The Jungle Book Marketing
The Jungle Book Marketing
.
What ways can you market a film?
- Having special features on social media platforms, e.g. customised lenses on snapchat
- Trailers
- Teaser Trailers (shorter than trailers, released way in advance of the film)
- Merchandise
- Websites
- Star Names
- Posters
.
- Marketing involves all of the deals done to get the films shown and promoted.
- This promotion involves paid for 'above the line' advertising, which will be funded as part of the project such as trailers, spin offs, posters and billboards which are of mutual benefit to the film and other commercial agency. E.g. McDonalds Happy Meal with a film theme.
- It also includes related merchandising and 'below the line' publicity which is not paid for but again generates mutual interest. E.g. An interview with a star in a magazine or newspaper or reviews about an upcoming film.
.
- Disney made several smart marketing choices during the lead in to the release of the jungle book that helped build hype and buzz for the movie. They combine typical marketing approaches, special opportunities available only to Disney, and a few unique techniques and messaging particular to the film.
- Each of these aspects of the marketing were deployed with terrific skills and a keen eye toward how each part of the plan fit together with the rest to achieve the maximum marketing impact.
- Disney's method: each layer feeds into each of the previous layers - they began with the fan base, and then the social media reached out to that fan base consistently later. The theme parks consistently offered the fan base more footage and merchandising. The stores targeted fans with merchandise, the trailers hammered home the Disney brand even when altering the tone and visual imagery for each age or gender demographic, and so on. So fans started out as the grassroots movement underlying the marketing, so to speak, and then that foundation of fans were energized and built up at each new stage of marketing and promotion.
- The movie ran its first TV spot during the Super Bowl 2016. This attracted adult male audiences.
.
Cross Promotion
- Kenzo - The fashion retailer created a limited edition line of clothing inspired by the movie and its classic characters.
- Airbnb - A promotion of $100 off treehouses listed on the service that was supported by a co-branded TV spot including footage from the movie.
.
What ways can you market a film?
- Having special features on social media platforms, e.g. customised lenses on snapchat
- Trailers
- Teaser Trailers (shorter than trailers, released way in advance of the film)
- Merchandise
- Websites
- Star Names
- Posters
.
- Marketing involves all of the deals done to get the films shown and promoted.
- This promotion involves paid for 'above the line' advertising, which will be funded as part of the project such as trailers, spin offs, posters and billboards which are of mutual benefit to the film and other commercial agency. E.g. McDonalds Happy Meal with a film theme.
- It also includes related merchandising and 'below the line' publicity which is not paid for but again generates mutual interest. E.g. An interview with a star in a magazine or newspaper or reviews about an upcoming film.
.
- Disney made several smart marketing choices during the lead in to the release of the jungle book that helped build hype and buzz for the movie. They combine typical marketing approaches, special opportunities available only to Disney, and a few unique techniques and messaging particular to the film.
- Each of these aspects of the marketing were deployed with terrific skills and a keen eye toward how each part of the plan fit together with the rest to achieve the maximum marketing impact.
- Disney's method: each layer feeds into each of the previous layers - they began with the fan base, and then the social media reached out to that fan base consistently later. The theme parks consistently offered the fan base more footage and merchandising. The stores targeted fans with merchandise, the trailers hammered home the Disney brand even when altering the tone and visual imagery for each age or gender demographic, and so on. So fans started out as the grassroots movement underlying the marketing, so to speak, and then that foundation of fans were energized and built up at each new stage of marketing and promotion.
- The movie ran its first TV spot during the Super Bowl 2016. This attracted adult male audiences.
.
Cross Promotion
- Kenzo - The fashion retailer created a limited edition line of clothing inspired by the movie and its classic characters.
- Airbnb - A promotion of $100 off treehouses listed on the service that was supported by a co-branded TV spot including footage from the movie.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
The Jungle Book BTS
Jungle Book Behind The Movie Video
- They created a whole new opening castle visual. It was the camera leading into the jungle. This was done to match to the theme of the movie and to create a more masculine theme to the movie as the usual Disney castle can be viewed as being girly and being linked to princesses.
- The movie opened with the book, like it did in the animated version, the book was the original one. This created the original feel to the movie.
- They created concept art of what certain scenes would look like.
- The movie is shot in front of a blue screen.
- They would watch the filming on a virtually animated screen to see what it would look like once edited to get rid of the blue screen and create the virtual world.
- LED panels were used to project light during filming to get the best lighting on the characters.
- They had pre animated elephants and put them on panels of LEDs to project the shadows of them onto the character when he was bowing in front of them.
- There was a turn table to make it seem as though Mowgli was walking straight through the jungle.
- A motion builder is used to further develop the animation. It is the first stage after the scenes have been shot on the set. It fine tunes the animation; working on further lighting, shadows and composition.
- Puppeteers were used to keep the animation fresh. These make it easier for the actor of Mowgli to react to them when they are showing expressions too.
- For certain characters (the puppeteers) they did motion capture or reference cameras for body movements.
- They used pathetic fallacy. They used certain weathers to portray certain moods, e.g. raining when they are saying goodbye to portray a sad mood.
- They tried to relate to the original movie by having the cast be well known actors that people can recognise by their voices. This is what they did in the original movie.
- Each actor portrayed the voices of their character in their own unique ways which showed the personality of the character, e.g. Idris Elba had a deep, echoing voice for Shere Khan which showed his power and dominance.
- All roles were male in the original movie, so they decided to change it up in the new version by making the voice of the snake Kaa be a female.
- The composers dad worked for Disney for many years.
- There was a 143 piece orchestra.
- They wanted the music to be classic, timeless Disney music, with hints of colour.
- They wanted to play snippets of the original songs to give the movie the Disney feel.
- The original songwriter of the original movie went to the team and created new lyrics to the songs to create some new aspects to the movie.
- They created a whole new opening castle visual. It was the camera leading into the jungle. This was done to match to the theme of the movie and to create a more masculine theme to the movie as the usual Disney castle can be viewed as being girly and being linked to princesses.
- The movie opened with the book, like it did in the animated version, the book was the original one. This created the original feel to the movie.
- They created concept art of what certain scenes would look like.
- The movie is shot in front of a blue screen.
- They would watch the filming on a virtually animated screen to see what it would look like once edited to get rid of the blue screen and create the virtual world.
- LED panels were used to project light during filming to get the best lighting on the characters.
- They had pre animated elephants and put them on panels of LEDs to project the shadows of them onto the character when he was bowing in front of them.
- There was a turn table to make it seem as though Mowgli was walking straight through the jungle.
- A motion builder is used to further develop the animation. It is the first stage after the scenes have been shot on the set. It fine tunes the animation; working on further lighting, shadows and composition.
- Puppeteers were used to keep the animation fresh. These make it easier for the actor of Mowgli to react to them when they are showing expressions too.
- For certain characters (the puppeteers) they did motion capture or reference cameras for body movements.
- They used pathetic fallacy. They used certain weathers to portray certain moods, e.g. raining when they are saying goodbye to portray a sad mood.
- They tried to relate to the original movie by having the cast be well known actors that people can recognise by their voices. This is what they did in the original movie.
- Each actor portrayed the voices of their character in their own unique ways which showed the personality of the character, e.g. Idris Elba had a deep, echoing voice for Shere Khan which showed his power and dominance.
- All roles were male in the original movie, so they decided to change it up in the new version by making the voice of the snake Kaa be a female.
- The composers dad worked for Disney for many years.
- There was a 143 piece orchestra.
- They wanted the music to be classic, timeless Disney music, with hints of colour.
- They wanted to play snippets of the original songs to give the movie the Disney feel.
- The original songwriter of the original movie went to the team and created new lyrics to the songs to create some new aspects to the movie.
Friday, October 18, 2019
The Jungle Book
Pre-Production and Production
.
Who directed the film?
Who wrote the screenplay?
Justin Marks
List 5 actors who were the voices for the main characters?
Bagheera - Ben Kingsley
Shere Khan - Idris Elba
Raksha - Lupita Nyong'o
Baloo - Bill Murray
King Louie - Christopher Walken
What new technologies were used in the filming of The Jungle Book?
Photorealistic Rendering
Computer Generated Imagery (CGI)
Motion Capture Technologies
Key Frame Computer Animation
How much did it cost to make/what was the budget for The Jungle Book?
$175 million
.
What do audiences want from a film?
Entertainment
Escapism
Large Special Effects
Well Known Actors
High Production Values
- Mega Special Effects - the use of technologies
- A 'clean' look
- 3D
- IMAX
- Digital Cameras
.
IMAX
- Clarity, detail and size make IMAX more than a movie. At cinemas two projectors run simultaneously to provide the perfect image with a balance of warmth and sharpness. IMAX draws you into something as close to reality as you have ever experienced.
- The camera is immense. It weighs 240 pounds (109kg), so it requires special supports and rigging to movie it around. A typical 35mm movie camera, by comparison, weighs only 40 pounds (18kg).
- The size of the film means the camera can hold only a three minute spool, and it takes 20 minutes to reload.
- The incredible detail available with a film size this large means that everything about the shot must be perfect, and each image must be stunning. The audience sees every flaw, and a lacklustre image totally wastes the potential of the IMAX medium.
- It is expensive.
- The cost and complexity in every segment of physical production is an order of magnitude greater with IMAX.
.
Who directed the film?
Jon Favreau
Who wrote the screenplay?
Justin Marks
List 5 actors who were the voices for the main characters?
Bagheera - Ben Kingsley
Shere Khan - Idris Elba
Raksha - Lupita Nyong'o
Baloo - Bill Murray
King Louie - Christopher Walken
What new technologies were used in the filming of The Jungle Book?
Photorealistic Rendering
Computer Generated Imagery (CGI)
Motion Capture Technologies
Key Frame Computer Animation
How much did it cost to make/what was the budget for The Jungle Book?
$175 million
.
What do audiences want from a film?
Entertainment
Escapism
Large Special Effects
Well Known Actors
High Production Values
- Mega Special Effects - the use of technologies
- A 'clean' look
- 3D
- IMAX
- Digital Cameras
.
IMAX
- Clarity, detail and size make IMAX more than a movie. At cinemas two projectors run simultaneously to provide the perfect image with a balance of warmth and sharpness. IMAX draws you into something as close to reality as you have ever experienced.
- The camera is immense. It weighs 240 pounds (109kg), so it requires special supports and rigging to movie it around. A typical 35mm movie camera, by comparison, weighs only 40 pounds (18kg).
- The size of the film means the camera can hold only a three minute spool, and it takes 20 minutes to reload.
- The incredible detail available with a film size this large means that everything about the shot must be perfect, and each image must be stunning. The audience sees every flaw, and a lacklustre image totally wastes the potential of the IMAX medium.
- It is expensive.
- The cost and complexity in every segment of physical production is an order of magnitude greater with IMAX.
History of Online News
History of Online News
Participatory - review columns, ratings, etc. What do they say? - Who's involved?
The Mirror
Online - Main story, Who is it targeting?
The Mirror's main story is about a murder mystery that has discovered more clues into the women's death.
The Mirror has a demographic of D-E. These are semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers, pensioners and people who are unemployed.
Twitter - Most recent, Who is it targeting? - Has it been retweeted?
The Mirror's most recent tweet is about 'VIP Paedophile Ring'.
This story is targeted to those who are on the far right wing as they believe in punishment.
Participatory - review columns, ratings, etc. What do they say? - Who's involved?
Out of 12 people:
75% rated The Mirror 'bad'
17% people rated it 'poor'
8% people rated it 'great'
Some reviews stated that it is a 'fake news platform' and they are 'liars'.
The Telegraph
Online - Main story, Who is it targeting?
Twitter - Most recent, Who is it targeting? - Has it been retweeted?
The Telegraph's most recent tweet is about 'VIP Paedophile Ring'.
This story is targeted to those who are on the far right wing as they believe in punishment. Both newspapers have this as their newest post, which shows the importance of it.
Participatory - review columns, ratings, etc. What do they say? - Who's involved?
The Telegraph also received bad reviews, but not about the actual news, it was just about the subscription policy, as for example, they cannot cancel their subscription.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
The Film Industry
The Film Industry
Creating a Film...
The different processes involved between someone coming up with the idea for a film and it being watched by an audience...
4 Stages of a Film:
Production
Distribution
Marketing
Exhibition/Exchange
.
- The studio, investor, or producer buys the right to the source such as an idea, book, or a story.
- A screenwriter converts this idea or a story into a script also known as an adapted or original screenplay.
- The script is edited and finalized by the same screenwriter or writers known as script doctors.
- Director, producer, editor, production designer, art director meet to make sure they're on same page.
- Script is storyboarded by illustrations to help directors, cinematographers visualize the scenes.
- Costume designers create garments and accessories to help tell the story.
- Casting directors audition and or negotiate with the actors agents and decide on the cast.
- Location scouting, hiring crew, lots of logistics.
- Director oversees everything, works with producer. Takes storyboard and turns it into series of shots.
- Production design team create the overall visual feel and aesthetics, costume, make up and set design.
- Cinematographer oversees everything camera and lights related and helps with artistic decisions.
- Make up artists work with costume designer and director to make actors/actresses fit their roles better.
- Actors and actresses show their talent, hope for a nomination in leading or supporting role.
- Music editor works with songwriter to write the original song, and composer for original score.
Sound effects prepare what will go into final mixing. There are dialogue and sound effect editors.
- Sound mixers combine dialogue, sound effects, and music tracks to create the final soundtrack.
- Film editors cut and paste to make a 2 hour cohesive movie out of miles of film, adding visual effects.
.
Production
- Development - Script is written and drafted into a workable blueprint for a film.
- Pre-Production - Preparations are made for the shoot, in which cast and crew are hired, locations are selected, and sets are built.
- Production - The film footage is shot.
- Post-Production - The film is edited: production sound (dialogue), music tracks.
.
Distribution
- Describes everything between production (making the film) and how the film gets to an audience (people watching the film in cinemas/dvd etc.
- The film is screened for potential buyers (distributers), is picked up by a distributor, and a marketing and release plan are developed. The film is duplicated as required for distribution to cinemas.
- The business of getting films to their audiences by booking them for runs in cinemas and getting them there e.g. digital screens/reel films.
- It includes all of the financial deals done to get films shown and promoted.
.
Marketing
- This is the business of creating campaigns to promote the film, e.g. posters, apps, television interviews.
- Press kits, posters, and other advertising materials are published and the film is advertised. Films are usually released with a launch party, press releases, interviews with the press, press preview screenings, and film festival screenings. Most films have a website and a trailer.
.
Exhibition/Exchange
- The way people consume films, e.g. showing films in cinemas or renting/buying dvd's or downloading films, piracy.
- About how the audience see the film, box office intake, reviews, awards, etc.
- The film is released to cinemas for exhibition (or at this point occasionally straight to dvd, blu-ray, or direct download from a provider) in order to reach its cinema and/or home media audience. The film plays at selected cinema and the dvd typically is released a few months later.
.
Conglomerates - A conglomerate is when two or more companies engage in a multi-industry company.
.
Ownership and the film industry
The American film industry makes more money from international revenue ($30 billion) than domestic revenue ($10 billion).
Art House Film - serious, independent film, aimed at a niche audience.
.
Research Task
Names of the Five Biggest Hollywood studios.
Universal Pictures
1) NBC Universal
2) Founded in 1912
3) Art House/Indie - Focus Features
4) Genre Movie - Focus World, Gramercy Pictures, Working Title Films
5) Animation - Big Idea Entertainment, DreamWorks Animation, Illumination, Illumination Mac Guff, NBCU Ent. Japan, Universal Animation Studios
6) Other divisions/brands - Amblin Partners, Carnival Films. Makeready, OTL Releasing, United International Pictures, Universal 1440 Entertainment, WT2 Productions
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 14.9%
Paramount Pictures
1) Viacom
2) Founded in 1912
3) Art House/Indie - None
4) Genre Movie - BET Films, Comedy Central Films, MTV Films, Nickelodeon Movie, Paramount Players
5) Animation - MTV Animation, Nickelodeon Animation Studio, Paramount Animation
6) Other divisions/brands - Awesomeness Films, CMT Films, Melange Pictures, Paramount Digital Entertainment, United International Pictures, VH1 Films, Viacom 18 Motion Pictures
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 6.4%
Warner Bros
1) WarnerMedia
2) Founded in 1923
3) Art House/Indie - CNN Films, HBO Documentary Films
4) Genre Movie - DC Films, New Line Cinema
5) Animation - Cartoon Network Studios, Wang Film Productions, Warner Animation Group, Warner Bros. Animation
6) Other divisions/brands - Adult Swim Films, Castle Rock Entertainment, Cinemax Films, CNN Films, Flagship Entertainment, Fullscreen, HBO Films, Hello Sunshine, Spyglass Media Group, Turner Entertainment
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 16.3%
Walt Disney Pictures
1) Walt Disney Studios
2) Founded in 1923
3) Art House/Indie - Disney Nature, A&E Disney Films, Fox Searchlight Pictures, Fox 2000 Pictures, Hulu Documentary Films, NatGeo Films
4) Genre Movie - 20th Century Fox, Lucasfilm, Marvel Studios
5) Animation - Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar Animation Studios, Lucasfilm Animation, Marvel Animation, 20th Century Fox Animation, Blue Sky Studios
6) Other divisions/brands - Buena Vista International, Fox Family, Fox Star Studios, Zero Day Fox, Walt Disney Pictures India, UTV, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 36.3%
Columbia Pictures
1) Sony Pictures
2) Founded in 1924
3) Art House/Indie - Sony Pictures Classics
4) Genre Movie - Affirm Films, Screen Gems, Stage 6 Films, Ghost Corps
5) Animation - Funimation Films, Madhouse, Manga Entertainment, Sony Pictures Animation
6) Other divisions/brands - TriStar Pictures, Destination Films, Left Bank Pictures, Sony Pictures Japan, Sony Pictures Family Entertainment, Sony Pictures Releasing, Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions, Sony Wonder, TriStar Productions, Triumph Films, Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 10.9%
Creating a Film...
The different processes involved between someone coming up with the idea for a film and it being watched by an audience...
4 Stages of a Film:
Production
Distribution
Marketing
Exhibition/Exchange
.
- The studio, investor, or producer buys the right to the source such as an idea, book, or a story.
- A screenwriter converts this idea or a story into a script also known as an adapted or original screenplay.
- The script is edited and finalized by the same screenwriter or writers known as script doctors.
- Director, producer, editor, production designer, art director meet to make sure they're on same page.
- Script is storyboarded by illustrations to help directors, cinematographers visualize the scenes.
- Costume designers create garments and accessories to help tell the story.
- Casting directors audition and or negotiate with the actors agents and decide on the cast.
- Location scouting, hiring crew, lots of logistics.
- Director oversees everything, works with producer. Takes storyboard and turns it into series of shots.
- Production design team create the overall visual feel and aesthetics, costume, make up and set design.
- Cinematographer oversees everything camera and lights related and helps with artistic decisions.
- Make up artists work with costume designer and director to make actors/actresses fit their roles better.
- Actors and actresses show their talent, hope for a nomination in leading or supporting role.
- Music editor works with songwriter to write the original song, and composer for original score.
Sound effects prepare what will go into final mixing. There are dialogue and sound effect editors.
- Sound mixers combine dialogue, sound effects, and music tracks to create the final soundtrack.
- Film editors cut and paste to make a 2 hour cohesive movie out of miles of film, adding visual effects.
.
Production
- Development - Script is written and drafted into a workable blueprint for a film.
- Pre-Production - Preparations are made for the shoot, in which cast and crew are hired, locations are selected, and sets are built.
- Production - The film footage is shot.
- Post-Production - The film is edited: production sound (dialogue), music tracks.
.
Distribution
- Describes everything between production (making the film) and how the film gets to an audience (people watching the film in cinemas/dvd etc.
- The film is screened for potential buyers (distributers), is picked up by a distributor, and a marketing and release plan are developed. The film is duplicated as required for distribution to cinemas.
- The business of getting films to their audiences by booking them for runs in cinemas and getting them there e.g. digital screens/reel films.
- It includes all of the financial deals done to get films shown and promoted.
.
Marketing
- This is the business of creating campaigns to promote the film, e.g. posters, apps, television interviews.
- Press kits, posters, and other advertising materials are published and the film is advertised. Films are usually released with a launch party, press releases, interviews with the press, press preview screenings, and film festival screenings. Most films have a website and a trailer.
.
Exhibition/Exchange
- The way people consume films, e.g. showing films in cinemas or renting/buying dvd's or downloading films, piracy.
- About how the audience see the film, box office intake, reviews, awards, etc.
- The film is released to cinemas for exhibition (or at this point occasionally straight to dvd, blu-ray, or direct download from a provider) in order to reach its cinema and/or home media audience. The film plays at selected cinema and the dvd typically is released a few months later.
.
Conglomerates - A conglomerate is when two or more companies engage in a multi-industry company.
.
Ownership and the film industry
The American film industry makes more money from international revenue ($30 billion) than domestic revenue ($10 billion).
Art House Film - serious, independent film, aimed at a niche audience.
.
Research Task
Names of the Five Biggest Hollywood studios.
Universal Pictures
1) NBC Universal
2) Founded in 1912
3) Art House/Indie - Focus Features
4) Genre Movie - Focus World, Gramercy Pictures, Working Title Films
5) Animation - Big Idea Entertainment, DreamWorks Animation, Illumination, Illumination Mac Guff, NBCU Ent. Japan, Universal Animation Studios
6) Other divisions/brands - Amblin Partners, Carnival Films. Makeready, OTL Releasing, United International Pictures, Universal 1440 Entertainment, WT2 Productions
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 14.9%
Paramount Pictures
1) Viacom
2) Founded in 1912
3) Art House/Indie - None
4) Genre Movie - BET Films, Comedy Central Films, MTV Films, Nickelodeon Movie, Paramount Players
5) Animation - MTV Animation, Nickelodeon Animation Studio, Paramount Animation
6) Other divisions/brands - Awesomeness Films, CMT Films, Melange Pictures, Paramount Digital Entertainment, United International Pictures, VH1 Films, Viacom 18 Motion Pictures
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 6.4%
Warner Bros
1) WarnerMedia
2) Founded in 1923
3) Art House/Indie - CNN Films, HBO Documentary Films
4) Genre Movie - DC Films, New Line Cinema
5) Animation - Cartoon Network Studios, Wang Film Productions, Warner Animation Group, Warner Bros. Animation
6) Other divisions/brands - Adult Swim Films, Castle Rock Entertainment, Cinemax Films, CNN Films, Flagship Entertainment, Fullscreen, HBO Films, Hello Sunshine, Spyglass Media Group, Turner Entertainment
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 16.3%
Walt Disney Pictures
1) Walt Disney Studios
2) Founded in 1923
3) Art House/Indie - Disney Nature, A&E Disney Films, Fox Searchlight Pictures, Fox 2000 Pictures, Hulu Documentary Films, NatGeo Films
4) Genre Movie - 20th Century Fox, Lucasfilm, Marvel Studios
5) Animation - Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar Animation Studios, Lucasfilm Animation, Marvel Animation, 20th Century Fox Animation, Blue Sky Studios
6) Other divisions/brands - Buena Vista International, Fox Family, Fox Star Studios, Zero Day Fox, Walt Disney Pictures India, UTV, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 36.3%
Columbia Pictures
1) Sony Pictures
2) Founded in 1924
3) Art House/Indie - Sony Pictures Classics
4) Genre Movie - Affirm Films, Screen Gems, Stage 6 Films, Ghost Corps
5) Animation - Funimation Films, Madhouse, Manga Entertainment, Sony Pictures Animation
6) Other divisions/brands - TriStar Pictures, Destination Films, Left Bank Pictures, Sony Pictures Japan, Sony Pictures Family Entertainment, Sony Pictures Releasing, Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions, Sony Wonder, TriStar Productions, Triumph Films, Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing
7) US/CA Market Share (2018) - 10.9%
Thursday, October 3, 2019
Online News
Online News
.
Pros
The news is easily accessible
You can get updates quicker and immediately
It is easier to share news online
Online news is better for the environment as paper is not being used
Cons
Not everyone has access to online media
It is easier for fake news to spread
You are relying on a device which may not always be reliable
Online news can crash
Targeted ads, need for ad revenue as people are not buying paper news
.
What or who is to blame for the recent decline in print newspapers?
- Recession - means people don't have as much spare money to buy daily newspapers.
- People want their news on the go and so they are turning to technology to get their news - news websites, news reports, and social media.
- People want their news quicker, daily print editions are already old news most of the time.
- Advertisements can advertise online for free - e.g. Gumtree for classified ads.
- Advertising revenue has decreased and this is what pays for 70% of newspaper costs.
.
The Daily Mirror
Who owns this newspaper?
Reach plc.
What are the circulation figures for the print version of this newspaper?
567,442 (2018).
In what ways does the website try to mimic the print edition of the newspaper?
The website has quizzes, crosswords, splits each section of news, e.g. sport, into sections, has competitions.
Who advertises in the print edition of this newspaper?
William Hill, Iceland, Euro Millions, Slimming World.
Who advertises on the online version of this newspaper?
Boots, Amazon, Argos, FloryDay, River Island.
.
David Gauntlett - Theories of Identity
- British sociologist and media theorist
- Explored the idea that the media provides us with 'tools' or resources that we use to construct our identities.
- In the past, the media tended to convey singular straight forward messages about ideal types of male and female identities, the media today offer us a more diverse range of stars, icons and characters from whom we may pick and mix different ideas.
- Gauntlett's main ideas revolve around the empowerment web 2.0.
- Web 1.0 - traditional media: television, radio, newspapers, film
- Web 2.0 - digital media; the internet, convergence of internet/TV/radio on mobile phones, YouTube, twitter, blogs
- Gauntlett believes the separate categories of 'producer' and 'audience' are collapsing.
- Web 2.0 is creating social change. Society is becoming more active, making, doing and being creative.
.
Pros
The news is easily accessible
You can get updates quicker and immediately
It is easier to share news online
Online news is better for the environment as paper is not being used
Cons
Not everyone has access to online media
It is easier for fake news to spread
You are relying on a device which may not always be reliable
Online news can crash
Targeted ads, need for ad revenue as people are not buying paper news
.
What or who is to blame for the recent decline in print newspapers?
- Recession - means people don't have as much spare money to buy daily newspapers.
- People want their news on the go and so they are turning to technology to get their news - news websites, news reports, and social media.
- People want their news quicker, daily print editions are already old news most of the time.
- Advertisements can advertise online for free - e.g. Gumtree for classified ads.
- Advertising revenue has decreased and this is what pays for 70% of newspaper costs.
.
The Daily Mirror
Who owns this newspaper?
Reach plc.
What are the circulation figures for the print version of this newspaper?
567,442 (2018).
In what ways does the website try to mimic the print edition of the newspaper?
The website has quizzes, crosswords, splits each section of news, e.g. sport, into sections, has competitions.
Who advertises in the print edition of this newspaper?
William Hill, Iceland, Euro Millions, Slimming World.
Who advertises on the online version of this newspaper?
Boots, Amazon, Argos, FloryDay, River Island.
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David Gauntlett - Theories of Identity
- British sociologist and media theorist
- Explored the idea that the media provides us with 'tools' or resources that we use to construct our identities.
- In the past, the media tended to convey singular straight forward messages about ideal types of male and female identities, the media today offer us a more diverse range of stars, icons and characters from whom we may pick and mix different ideas.
- Gauntlett's main ideas revolve around the empowerment web 2.0.
- Web 1.0 - traditional media: television, radio, newspapers, film
- Web 2.0 - digital media; the internet, convergence of internet/TV/radio on mobile phones, YouTube, twitter, blogs
- Gauntlett believes the separate categories of 'producer' and 'audience' are collapsing.
- Web 2.0 is creating social change. Society is becoming more active, making, doing and being creative.
Social Contexts Question
10 mark question
Changing social contexts, caused by technological advances, have created a long term decline in the circulation of national newspapers. Explain how newspapers have responded to these changes. Refer to The Telegraph to support your answer.
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In your answer you must:
- Consider relevant social contexts that influence newspaper circulation.
- Use your knowledge and understanding of relevant academic ideas and arguments.
- Explain the relationship of recent technological change to the production, distribution and circulation of newspapers.
- Refer to The Telegraph as an example of how newspapers have responded.
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Social contexts have changed over time due to technological advances, this has created a long term decline in the circulation of national newspapers. Newspapers have responded to these changes in many ways...
For example, the population in the world has increased over the years, however, print newspaper sales have decreased due to recession; which means people do not have as much spare money to buy daily newspapers as they did in the past years, and people feel as though online news is better as it can be free so saves them money. Also, people are more likely to view or buy newspapers online because it means there is less damage to the environment as less paper is being used to produce print newspapers. Distribution is also a lot more easy online as news online is easily accessible to anyone who has technology and the news can be spread a lot easier due to social media. This is seen as a good thing because if there was serious news that everyone needed to know about urgently, then people can just spread the online news easily and immediately. The older generation are much more likely to buy paper newspapers as that is what they are used to and they may not be able to access any type of technology. Whereas, the younger generation can access technology a lot easier, leading them to just read the news on their phones, instead of wasting money to buy a paper one. Also, the younger generation are more conscious about saving the environment so they do not want to encourage newspapers to cut down trees to produce paper news.
The Telegraph have responded to these changes by creating online news websites that mirror the same content as the print newspapers. For example, The Telegraph has the same house style on the website as it does on the print editions by having the bold masthead, which clearly portrays to the audience what the newspaper is and so know what to expect from it, and both editions use the same colour theme of neutral colours to show its formal layout. Also, both editions have lots of information and an image on the first page to show the similarities between them and to show they are presenting the same information in the articles. The Telegraph deciding to do this makes the audience feel more comfortable reading the news online as they know that it is the same as the print edition, so are trustworthy that the news is official, reliable news.
Furthermore, The Telegraph have created online news that goes with the audience's expectations of wanting 24 hour news as the news is easily accessible when it is online as many people have some sort of technology accessible to them which they can use to view the latest news. Also, news in print editions can be seen as 'old news' as by the time it takes to process the newspapers, more news could be out that is important to know, so people do not buy print newspapers for this reason, they use online news as they can get updates immediately and news is available 24/7.
The online news still gains a small proportion of money due to creating memberships on the websites. Some newspapers get their readers to sign up to memberships in order to read the news in full and also get daily updates and emails, which print edition newspapers do not include. This allows the company to still gain money from readers and makes the reader feel at ease as they know they are paying for something that is worth the money and feel that the newspaper is trustworthy enough to get their daily news from it and people know that they are not damaging the environment.
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